SCADA
 Summary
SCADA was developed as a power plant monitoring suite. This system provides a complete set of tools for the operators of manufacture site as far as control and monitoring of production facilities.
Customer
Zaporizhya Nuclear Power Station is the largest nuclear power plant in Europe. Its construction started in 1977.
Today, Zaporizhya Station is the leading power supplier in Ukraine. It produces above 40 bn. kWH of electric energy, which is 1/5 annual electricity production, or half the energy produced by nuclear stations.
Product Features
 The following items were required as part of the Scada creation project:
- Real-time capture, processing and saving the signals arriving from appliance monitored;
- Archival / review of the information about the equipment observed;
- Tools to create / edit the mnemonic diagrams of panels;
- Tools for custom reporting on the events observed;
- Therefore, the system includes the following important features:
- Control and monitoring of production equipment and facilities
- Custom script programming for collection and storing the signals received
- Information display in form of schemes, diagrams, trends and reports
- Virtual tools and user-friendly interface, unified style of data input/output
- Advanced system storage that saves signals incoming from appliance, which can be used by the personnel for review and fine-tuning the equipment
- Extended archival and reporting capabilities
- Distributed real-time architecture on the basis of local network
Implementation
Due to distributing the suite into logical units, tasks requiring immediate response (real-time operations) have been separated from data display. Thus, the system has pure real-time units responsible for capture and logging the events, and "mild" real-time units for user interface.
The core contains a real-time monitor designed in a custom environment. This component can operate on personal computers created for industrial conditions (Industrial PC), intended for work in aggressive environments: vibrations and temperatures, gas or radiation spillages.
Installed on industrial computers is a multitasking real-time system that controls technology and calculation processes. Software units are designed using RTKernel real-time library, and can operate on any computer system with MS DOS installed. Although RTKernel programs have features of multitasking real-time systems, they still remain standard applications.
The real-time module includes numerous functions and procedures for managing tasks, interrupt flags and data interchange tools. The module also provides a set of service functions enabling the user to control the application performance and computer time resources. System configuration includes both a single real-time module and a backup one; real-time modules can be installed on two computers.
Workstation units are placed on a standard Windows PC. They enable the personnel to get graphic information related to the production equipment in the real-time mode. This part of the suite includes a complete set of tools required to create process state panels (special mnemonic diagram editor), and to use them for information display on the operator's screen.
The panels include dynamic instances that serve as basic elements of information display. Scada supports a library of predefined dynamic object classes for creating complicated panels, ranging in style from texts and mnemonic process diagrams to frames with real-time animation. The library consists of the following object classes:
- Regulating gate
- Latch
- Pump
- Two-way slider control
- Indicator of channel status
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- Indicator of control position / status
- Digital control
- Digital indicator
- Multi-channel diagram display
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The panel editor also allows for specifying the panel hierarchy and setting the panel switch sequence. After creation, the panels are sent to workstations for immediate usage.
There are two sorts of technology information in the system:
- Archived events - a binary archive that contains a track record of signals received from the appliance under monitoring within a fixed time period. This type of archive is generated and supported by the real-time module. The archives can be viewed from workstations of chief technology experts or station operators in PLAYBACK mode (as a movie on a VCR).
- Reports, information about technology and/or emergency events on the appliance monitored within a given time period. Reports are displayed in ASCII format with necessary comments and explanations.
Tools and technologies
Hardware: Industrial IBM PC
Platform: MS DOS, Windows
Languages: Borland C++
Technologies: RTKernel real-time library
Performance: 1 real-time server, 64 workstations, up to 25,000 digital channels, up to 30,000 analog channels
Effort: 650 man-months
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